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Children sleeping outside without proper winter clothing face freezing conditions that could lead to illness or death.

FAIRFIELD, Conn. (Nov. 30, 2021) — Nearly 800,000^[1] children in Afghanistan face a freezing winter without proper shelter, according to an analysis by 91����Ƶ. 

Household surveys conducted by the UN found that around 1.6 million people are living in emergency tents or makeshift shelters – often no more than flimsy plastic sheets held up with sticks – which offer little protection from rain, snow, and sub-zero temperatures. 

In addition, nearly 8.6 million^[2] children live in households that do not have enough blankets to go around, and more than 3 million^[3] children do not have adequate heating to keep them warm. 

Already, some children are reported to have starved as soaring food prices leave families struggling to afford them, and 5 million children are said to be one-step away from famine.

Thomas Howells, acting Country Director for 91����Ƶ in Afghanistan, said:

“With the country facing its worst hunger crisis ever recorded, millions of children will be going to sleep cold and hungry this winter. The shocking reports of children starving to death should make us all feel ashamed.” 

Winter temperatures in Afghanistan plummet to as low as 10 degrees Fahrenheit in some provinces. Children sleeping outside without proper winter clothing or heating are at serious risk from hypothermia, acute respiratory infections like pneumonia, and, in the worst cases, death, 91����Ƶ said. 

Some 25-30 percent of deaths in children under five in Afghanistan are due to respiratory tract infections – and 90 percent of these are due to pneumonia.^[4] 91����Ƶ warned that more deaths can be expected this winter in a worsening humanitarian crisis. 

Price hikes and the collapse of the economy have pushed many families into dangerous territory, 91����Ƶ warned, with many unable to afford fuel or firewood to heat their homes. Fuel costs have risen by around 40 percent over the past year, and enough firewood to last a family through the winter costs around US$200.^[5]

Many families resort to burning plastic or other harmful materials to keep warm, which increases the risk to children’s health in winter months. 

Narges*, 27, lives with her husband and their six children in Kandahar Province. The family is living in a tent, which offers little protection from the cold and rain. Narges* said:

“I am worried about the coming winter; we live in an old tent, and we won’t be able to protect ourselves from the rain in the winter. I cannot afford enough food to feed my children and keep them warm. I’m worried about how I’ll keep my children safe from the cold and how we will survive. At night my children get so cold, but we cannot afford to buy wood to burn and heat our tent.”

Mirza*, a laborer, lives with his wife and their seven children in Faryab province. This year, they were displaced from their home after their home was damaged in the conflict, and they could not afford the repairs. They are now living in a rented house in another town.

“Winter will be difficult this year,” Mirza* said, “we need food, warm clothing for the children, and a warm home which is not possible for my family and me. We are worried about our children and their health – my smallest child is less than one year old.” 

“The price of food is rising,” Mirza* continued, “and I can’t find work most days. We are trying to cope, but it’s very difficult. I’ve had to borrow about 30,000 AFN (US$330) from my relatives and shopkeepers.

“We need gas and wood for heating and cooking, but the cost will be almost 8000 AFN ($88) for the winter, which I can’t afford. If I can’t earn money, I will have to borrow to buy the things we need. I will have to send my younger children to find paper and wood from the road, and then we will burn them during the winter.”

Winter in Afghanistan is also a peak hunger season, and this winter, the country is expected to face its worst food crisis since records began. In October, analysis by 91����Ƶ found that more than 14 million children are expected to go hungry this winter, with 5 million just one-step away from famine.

Thomas Howells, acting Country Director for 91����Ƶ in Afghanistan, said: 

“Even under normal circumstances, the bitter Afghan winter is a desperate fight to survive for many families, but this year, the need will be greater than ever. 

“Thousands of families are living in displacement camps, where a plastic sheet is often all that separates them from the freezing winter temperatures. Small children sleeping outside in tents without warm clothing, blankets, or heating stand absolutely no chance in these sub-zero conditions. It’s only a matter of time before they succumb to hypothermia, pneumonia, or, in the worst cases, death. 

“We’re doing everything we can to get families the essentials they need to survive the winter – blankets, warm clothes, and fuel to keep warm. But more aid is desperately needed, and needed now before the winter gets worse.”

91����Ƶ will support more than 26,000 families in nine of the hardest-hit provinces this winter. Families will receive winter kits containing blankets and winter clothes for children, including coats, socks, shoes, and hats. The organization will also provide families with US$200 to buy a heater and a three-month supply of firewood or one gas stove and fuel to last the winter. 

*Names changed to protect identity

[1] 4% of households surveyed (extrapolated to 265,000 households or nearly 1.6m people nationally) were living in emergency tents or makeshift shelters (tents or huts) – of which an estimated 780,700 (49%) are children. 

[2] 44% of households surveyed (extrapolated to just under 3m households or 17.5m people) reported having less than one blanket per person – of which an estimated 8.58m are children.

[3] 16% of households (around 1m households or nearly 6.4 million people) reported having inadequate or no heating – of which more than 3.1 million are children (49%).

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